The Roman Empire established England's road network two millennia ago, with some of these routes still in operation today. Modern highways, depicted in green, are constructed over the ancient Roman roads, showcasing a blend of history and functionality.

However, the red roads, remnants of the past, are no longer utilized, highlighting the evolution and expansion of transportation infrastructure over time. Additionally, the protective walls erected against Scotland as part of the historical landscape serve as enduring testaments to ancient strategic planning.